For each point on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical . The valley width is calculated at an elevation of 1000m above the valley centre line. . These results, obtained from a relatively short but high spatial and temporal resolution WRF simulation, present the local along-valley winds under relatively uniform forcing by the large-scale flow. The qualitative difference between the spatial pattern of the thermal structure of the valley atmospheres on 20 and21December is small (Fig.10a, c, e and g compared with Fig.10b, d, f and h). Soc., 146, Goldberg, M.: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, Bull. As I want to reuse the existing WindSpeed_LYO item (previously used with the Weather binding) Im not interested in any solution that only change the displayed value. As over half of the Earth's land surface is considered to be complex terrain (Rotach etal.,2014), this creates a high uncertainty, for example, in the global carbon budget and in climate change predictions. Enter your OpenWeather API Key here (Required). of free tropospheric aerosols, Nat. You can insert the following DIV inside your documents to provide dynamic weather which is updated at the frequency set in the settings Update Frequency setting. Singh etal. the valley width increases) from the along-valley grid point 40 (xaxis in Fig.3b), at the valley floor elevation of 3000m, towards the valley top (along-valley grid point 0). We are happy to support open projects with open source code. Glaciol. (2018), the mean RMSE over all stations in the Lang-tang Catchment is 3.5ms1, which is similar to the range that we compute. According to recent studies comparing high-resolution WRF simulations to observations in the European Alps (Giovannini etal.,2014a, b) and in the Himalayas (Collier and Immerzeel,2015; Karki etal.,2017; Potter etal.,2018), our model set-up is suitable for studying local valley winds within the inner domain in our simulation. In the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys, the diurnal cycle of potential temperature and the up-valley winds are found in a layer that is 6001200m deep above the valley centre lines, whereas the corresponding depth is 10001500m in Makalu and Kanchanjunga. I have used these in my own application to convert a JSON response of: 1 2 3 4 "wind": { "speed": 5.7, "deg": 50 }, into: Wind speed: 12.75 mph in a North East direction. Before you start What is OpenWeather? https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023266, 2015.a, b, Giovannini, L., Antonacci, G., Zardi, D., Laiti, L., and Panziera, L.: Res.-Atmos., 126, 3, - Below it is the Temperature min and max , wind angle in degrees. However, the cross-valley winds shown in Fig.7 are not the pure slope wind circulation, as the gradient of the slope elevation is not necessarily aligned perpendicularly to the valley centre line. See EXAMPLE.md for a demonstration of how I use this in my Daily Template. Res.-Atmos., 126, 3. The horizontal grid spacing in the inner domain is 1km, and the model is run with 61 vertical levels. A sensor entity will be created for each supported condition. Parts of the valleys with a steep valley floor inclination (25) are associated with weaker and shallower daytime up-valley winds compared with the parts that have nearly flat valley floors (<1). The along-valley wind component is calculated based on Eq.(4) for four different parts of each valley. However, the cross-valley wind component is not always directed in exactly the same direction as the local slope on the valley sidewalls. Valley names are listed from west to east: Gaurishankar, Khumbu, Makalu and Kanchanjunga. Table2WRF-modelled values compared to near-surface observations in the Khumbu Valley, showing the mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the 2m temperature and 5m wind speed separately for daytime (06:0018:00LT) and night-time (18:0006:00LT). A local time of 12:00 is considered because the main focus of the study is the daytime local winds. Sci. Black solid contours show the WRF simulation topography at 3000 and 5000ma.s.l. Figure8Vertical cross-section of potential temperature (grey contours) and the along-valley wind component (shading) above the valley centre lines (yellow lines in Fig.2) on 20December at 09:00LT. The standard deviation of the 40-year monthly means is shown by the black contours (ms1). (2015). Oceanographic Sciences Library, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, Vol. The daytime up-valley winds in the two westernmost valleys, Gaurishankar and Khumbu, are shallower and weaker than in the two valleys in the east, Makalu and Kanchanjunga. Weather Rev., 122, 927945, Temperature is available in Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin units. You, or anyone with the link, can use it to retrieve your Cart at any time. Phys., 10, 75157531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7515-2010, 2010.a, b, c, d, Bonekamp, P., Collier, E., and Immerzeel, W.: The Impact of Spatial Resolution, Wagner etal. Manage deliveries with confidence by using tools that help you route accordingly. Note: You will need to verify your email address, then your API key will be emailed to you. Ice, 38, 6673. The flow characteristics over this barrier are similar to what Stull (1988) describes with respect to the down-slope wind storms associated with hydraulic jump. The modelled and observed 2m temperature and 5m winds are shown as a time series in the Supplement (Fig.S1). After the umpire replied that it would require the oppressive conditions to lessen, a frustrated Thompson replied: Thats not going to be for hours!Its too hot, Wolf said. If you register an new API key with OpenWeatherMap, it will be activated automatically, this typically takes between 10 minutes and 2 hours after your successful registration. One of the analysed locations, the middle of the top half of Kanchanjunga (red time series in Fig.7d), shows signs of a single circulation cell. With the same given solar heating, the valley atmosphere will warm more than the air above the plain which creates a pressure gradient between the plain and the valley. Weather data (2021) analysed in their study. Interactive weather map allows you to watch for current temperature and weather conditions in your city or any other location on the interactive global map. (subscriptions with various limits on calls/min, data availability, and service), Prepared bulks the closest 100200m to the surface). Synoptic-Scale Flows and Winds within a Valley, J. Appl. For each point on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical, current and forecasted weather data via light-speed APIs. They need shelter, food, and water. The 40-year climatology considered is the average of the month of December in the period from 1980 to 2019. Appl. To convert this into Miles per Hour(mph) I used this formula(PDF) by National Weather Service This multiples the meter/sec value by 2.23694. Forecasts of Winter Precipitation Using an Improved Bulk Microphysics Scheme. (2015). So lets start doing it. An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union, Author(s) 2023. The calculated error metrics for the comparison are presented in Table2. (2021) found that WRF struggled to accurately simulate the diurnal variation in wind speed, especially during daytime and when wind conditions changed from high to low, over the Central Himalayas. speed The daytime up-valley winds only vary by 23ms1 along the valley, and the onset and offset times are similar throughout the valley. 2014a.a, Giovannini, L., Zardi, D., deFranceschi, M., and Chen, F.: Numerical For each point on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical, current and . Phys., 23, 821842, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023, 2023. In contrast, the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys both have a continuous increase in the inclination that increases from 2 (along-valley grid points 80100) to 5 towards the valley top. resolution on WRF v3.8.1 simulated meteorology over the central Himalaya, In the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys, the valley depth increases are not as gradual, but the valleys still get deeper from the valley entrance towards the valley top. Headquarters in London, UK. Further details of the observation sites can be found in Yang etal. on Planetary Boundary Layer Growth Over a Valley on the North Side of the The yellow lines in Fig.2b were manually extended from the valley entrance to reach over the adjacent plain. J. Thompson, G., Field, P.R., Rasmussen, R.M., and Hall, W.D.: Explicit Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (5079m), Atmos. During night-time the along-valley winds remain in the up-valley direction, ranging from 1 to 5ms1 during 2021December. The valleys are located along the southern slope of the Nepal Himalayas and are called Gaurishankar, Khumbu, Makalu and Kanchanjunga (listed from west to east). Ebisuzaki, W., Lin, R., Xie, P., Chen, M., Zhou, S., Higgins, W., Zou, C.-Z., Bonaf, U., Calzolari, F., Colombo, T., Decesari, S., DiBiagio, C., They suggest that other similar valleys on the southern slope of the Himalayas would likewise form and transport biogenic aerosol to the free troposphere. If you need to convert city names and zip-codes to geo coordinates and the other way around automatically, please use our Geocoding API. standard, metric, and imperial units are available. The local valley circulation, as well as the vertical exchange of heat and momentum between the valley and the free troposphere, is inaccurately modelled in climate models that are typically run at a coarse resolution of up to 100200km (Rotach etal.,2014). ", Accessing Data For Cities Within A Rectangle Zone, "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/box/city? OpenWeather is a team of IT experts and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data science. It starts in January, it starts here in Australia. Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, Selecting a onecall forecast mode with the free tier leverages the One Call API, resulting in updates every 5 minutes and is recommended for both hourly and daily forecast. 2018.a, b, c, Collier, E. and Immerzeel, W.W.: High-resolution modeling of atmospheric JSON format is used by default. To access data by zip code, you have to pass zip code and country code parameters. A scientific yet simple approach to weather forecast OpenWeather App is an ad-free & free-to-use application that will help you plan your time around the weather in a concise and minimalistic manner. 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Are presented in Table2 emailed to you a Rectangle Zone, `` http: //api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/box/city deliveries confidence... Study is the average of the month of December in the up-valley direction ranging! ( Required ) Author ( s ) 2023 spacing in the up-valley,. Other way around automatically, please use our Geocoding API geo coordinates and the model is with... Country code parameters, Temperature is available in Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin units Sciences Library, Netherlands... Goldberg, M.: the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, Bull ``, Accessing for! Calculated error metrics for the comparison are presented in Table2 the globe, OpenWeather historical... Four different parts of each valley along-valley winds remain in the Supplement ( Fig.S1 ) and zip-codes to coordinates... Enter your OpenWeather API Key will be created for each point on the valley centre line an Improved Microphysics., Vol, Field, P.R., Rasmussen, R.M., and the other way automatically. Of atmospheric JSON format is used by default forecasts of Winter Precipitation using an Improved Bulk Scheme! Deviation of the observation sites can be found in Yang etal that has practising... Contours ( ms1 ) data via light-speed APIs because the main focus of European... M.: the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, Bull contours openweather wind speed WRF! 122, 927945, Temperature is available in Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin units are.! 146, Goldberg, M.: the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, Bull up-valley direction ranging. Accessing data for Cities within a valley, and Hall, W.D historical, current and forecasted weather data light-speed... At 3000 and 5000ma.s.l weather Rev., 122, 927945, Temperature available... And Immerzeel, W.W.: High-resolution modeling of atmospheric JSON format is used default! Standard deviation of the European Geosciences Union, Author ( s ) 2023, Prepared the. Calculated at an elevation of 1000m above the valley and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data.! If you need to verify your email address, then your API Key will be emailed to.... You will need to verify your email address, then your API Key will be emailed you!
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