That was very interesting. Two people had died, others were in hospital and the radiation conditions in the station were rather complex. In a shocking and humbling act of self-sacrifice, Legasov recorded everything he knew about the truth behind Chernobyl's explosion and hung himself, knowing that his sudden death would force. and a lot of attention was paid to the condition of the Pripyat river itself, the Kiev reservoir. I never witnessed a single case where specialists from the SA [Soviet Army] or a USSR citizen, somehow trying to do their work, or felt like they were forced to do difficult or dangerous work. [5] Malicious rumors began to be circulated such as the accusation of being an alcoholic, over-ambitious or to blame for the Chernobyl disaster. Because it is a chain that links to itself. So I just know that the next nuclear accident will be at the Armenian plant and the whole of Armenia will be affected. For the bubbler rooms, the diagnostic elements were inserted through holes drilled into the sidewalls that led to the reactor hall. I will not describe the whole thing in detail here. And the most dangerous tasks during his term were to determine whether or not there was water inside the upper and lower bubblers, and in the rooms beneath the reactor hall because this was crucial. And a good reactor specialist was one who had mastered the design of a particular reactor, who could ably calculate, say, the zone, who knew all the accidents that happen at a station, who could come to any facility and assist in its physical and organisatorial launch, quickly figure out what was happening there, and report to the management of the institute or the Ministry. Assignments would be issued, and the completed ones checked. Paul Levinson's Infinite Regress: Evil 1.10: The Influencer A powerful, frightening Evil 1.10 - befitting the Fall finale of the new series - and an episode that really lifted Evil into a higher, more harrowing level of story, which of course also befits a series with . Was Shcherbina calling Moscow with you? The work was like a well organized science team. When Boris Evdokimovich arrived at Vnukovo he immediately boarded our plane and we flew out to Kiev. So the issue of protecting the rivers from these dirty objects getting into them presented a big problem. How many small aircraft, how many large ones; whether to prioritise comfort when boarding or deboarding passengers, or the speed of travel between two points; whether to give preference to [the development of] hypersonic aircraft or supersonic ones; is ensuring comfortable and reliable operation of ground crew more important for safety, or the work of personnel onboard the aircraft; what should be the percentage of various types of aircraft. And more importantly, from my point of view, one of the two systems must operate independently of the operator. The headquarters were in the City party committee building. This organizational aspect should also be described. A personal pistol remained in a drawer, but the professor chose to hang himself. from Kiev. In the morning, they had already reported that two people had died. Since we were late by 10 years in the development of nuclear energy, Adamovich: [CLARIFICATION ON FEINBERG'S LAST NAME]. This could have resulted in a terrible disaster - the rupture of a large pipeline of the VVER device. It was necessary to simultaneously organize a number of tasks that were of completely different types. After all this study and based upon our conclusion, 2,400 tons of lead were dropped by helicopters, with high precision and great skill. But from my point of view, why I wasnt an active supporter of this idea or even active opposer of it is because these jobs would require a lot of machinery to be concentrated in the zone. Numerous other scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Energy and the Ministry of Energy took active part in our discussions. Because nothing has changed so far. Since I have touched upon communication a little, mentioned the reactor a bit, it may be time when I can express some personal opinions about how on earth I got involved with this story, how I was connected to it, how I understood the history and quality of the development of nuclear energy and how I understand it now. Because of all the metals that were there, it is the most fusible. [7], After 10 May, the situation had somewhat stabilized and Legasov was able to spend less time at the accident site but still frequently visited. the building of the city party committee, located in the central square of the city. So it had already become possible to judge the correctness of technical decisions. They talked to people that were evacuated or with people that worked on reactor number 4, on decontamination and this information was broadcasted. All these were some unusual questions that complemented nuclear energy. valery legasov tapes transcript. NIKOLAEV and the Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee Comrade. [5] The proposals triggered a significant backlash from the existing scientific leadership. And this caused appropriate alarm among professionals, in technical and engineering sense. Around October 1986, the situation regarding work distribution was very clear. While I mostly just provide simple corrections and rephrasings, I sometimes use DeepL to translate passages from the original transcript to figure out what was meant - and when I'm truly desperate I text a Russian friend for a translation of a passage. But three projects became very successful, where we found good partners, and where we put in the maximum effort, using the highest levels of the government, using the authority of Anatoly Pavlovich and the Central Committee of the party. This is the first circumstance. These robots have played a huge role even today because many interesting things have been discovered with their help regarding the questions related to the nature and consequences of the accident. But nevertheless, the psychological shock and, say, because of that psychological shock, cardiovascular dystonia was found in a large number of experts and continues to be found up until now. Hello people! I told her that I was leaving on a work trip and that the situation was unclear so I could not say how long I would be away, and then I left for Vnukovo. But it also had an impressive impact once the work was complete. And since the literature, the most precise, was western, comparing western devices to our own, this allowed me to conclude in various books and articles that although there are many problems relating to the safety of existing devices, nevertheless, they are still less than the dangers of traditional energy; with its many carcinogenic substances released into the atmosphere, with radioactivity released into the atmosphere from coal seams. "[5] In public, Legasov supported the official story that operator error caused the accident. Our brainstorming session was conducted in constant consultation with Moscow, with whom one of us was constantly on the phone - for example Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov. The question of the gap between the physical concepts of what the reactor should be, and the poor-quality production of fuel, and the whole range of technological operations, many of which seem insignificant, and which are practiced at our stations. There was no definite information. [1] Legasov admired the leadership of Boris Shcherbina, particularly for his ability to grasp what the specialists were telling him and his decision making. I thought that the reactor shaft was intact. Watch all. We, as experts, were saying that. But yet, even after these measuresand all the experts in the Soviet Union knew thisfrom a control point of view, this reactor required a lot of attention from the operator and always was quite complex. The following piece of audio is a self-made recording in English, based on the original Russian transcripts from the recorded tapes of Valery Legasov. Transport was needed; it was called from Kiev. Thereafter, talk about the Novovoronezh station, the 1st block of which has already been built as a nuclear station designed to be operated in a continuous mode with a civilian crew, and describe the protection systems that have been used at that station. Comrade Voronin was replaced by Yury Nikitich Maslyukov, and during his time a lot of work was done to build new premises, new villages for the evacuees. For example, the press spent a lot of time on the so-called needle which was fiddled with for a long time. "[11] Ustynyuk emphasized the role of the harassment of Legasov by other scientific leaders in their resistance to organizational reform. There is no need to strike us as we can sort the issue out quickly. Prepperhub Thats why the most precise information about the state of the reactor was gathered from the ratio of short-lived and long-lived isotopes of iodine-134 and -131. Valery Legasov died in 1996 (Image: HBO) Before his death, Legasov recorded a series of tapes which revealed the Soviet government's secrets about its nuclear industry. These questions were drafted out then. And I repeat that it should be based on the work we have previously done so that we refer to our own sources and not someone elses. I worked at this plant for about two years. that happen there, from which I, of course, gain a perspective. It was clear that the firemen who had extinguished the fires in the engine room had done it very quickly and professionally. How many areas, and people, were affected and to what degree; what has already been restored and what hasnt. These are three different types of reactors. We turned onto the road leading to the city of Pripyat, but the city of Pripyat is, already a city of power engineers, a city where both the builders and workers of, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant lived. There was a team for this. This text is for comrade Novikov Vladimir Mikhailovich, Dyomin Vladimir Fyodorovich and Sukhoruchkin Vladimir Konstantinovich. After that, we started implementing this philosophy here. He finished his report. The wall was obviously built there because of some engineering considerations after the project was completed. In addition, prepperhub.org pupose is: sharing knowledge with the help of fellow preppers. But sometimes when we were at Silayevs, then Gorbachev would call. The most interesting ones were those proposed by academy member Viktor Aleksandrovich Kabanov, preliminarily tested in the dust storm-prone regions of Central Asia. Well, actively aid Anatoly Petrovich in the management of the institute, considering his occupation at the Academy of Sciencesplanning the work of the institute, the regime of its work. But before he died, Valery Legasov left Chernobyl memoirs via audio recordings. It took away the heat so that the uranium wont melt. At 11 a.m., we were officially informed that the whole city would be evacuated by 2 p.m.. All the transport had been gathered; all the routes had been identified; and at around 2-2:30 p.m. the entire city was empty. And one died, from mechanical damage under the rubble of the destroyed buildings, and the, second died from thermal burns, that is, from a fire. That's probably what happened. We started saving on containments. However, as I have already said, the robotic devices we had, be it our own or acquired from abroad, turned out to be practically useless in those conditions. It could have been hot graphite blocks that had remained in place - seeing as graphite burns evenly, generating whitish burning products as an ordinary chemical reaction. what is the temperature? Nevertheless, various organisations were doing such things, creating such projects for an external shell that, if installed, would only complicate subsequent work on the construction of the shelter, and would not have had any effect on the release of aerosol radiation. You know, I was not met with understanding anywhere. And now it appears that it is impossible to make the rods move that fast after all. I, With great difficulty, I managed to find the head of the department who, designed and operated the RBMK-type reactors, namely, such a reactor was, installed at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, - Alexander K. KALUGIN, who. It stood beside it, as a separate independent organisation, and had the right to dictate its scientific requirements and positions. And this part is tragic, confusing and incomprehensible ", - from Valery Legasov's tapes. Adamovich: But these hazardous [Unclear]. And they estimated the escaped fuel by the activity within their measured points. Viktor Alekseyevich Sidorenko had repeatedly criticised it. The area, the extent of contamination, its intensity would increase by 30 times compared to what happened. This research is still underway and will continue for quite a while. I will mention only one example of his work. Slowly, we upgraded the existing reactors. Scribbling and formalism have reached such a scale that it is already difficult for science to bear this cross. [18] His colleague However, the use of robots was not successful because all the robots that were tested initially were either mechanically unable to operate among the wreckage, or they simply could not overcome the obstacles on large irregular surfaces. This was done by the services of Government Hydro-Metric Commission and by General Pikanows services, as well as the station services. I helped organise this activity, and the actual work was done by Aleksander Sergeyevich Kachanovs laboratory created specifically for this purpose. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow. But they [the safety systems] were developed very slowly. Who would like that? And this no-containment approach, from my point of view, is the principle and fundamental error of the Soviet nuclear energy; not even the Soviet nuclear energy because actually nuclear energy expertsI want to repeat once more, not everyone, not unanimously, but on quite a broad frontspoke against this type of reactor, both for reasons of safety and lack of containment which also is a safety issue. For the first time, there were specialists that took . There were also issues with elementary culture. Vyacheslav Dmitrievich Pismienniy was made responsible for laser technology. For some reason, the local authorities could not organize the sufficient number of people to prepare the needed bags and sand, so that the helicopter pilots only had one task: to carry the bags to position and drop them. For this he we would have to allocate another ten thousand of subway builders, get them here to do that work. But, I will repeat, this was because unforeseen circumstances cropped up constantly. Maybe, at a glance, to figure out a contradiction one had to do additional work. And yet, the gate valve that needed to be opened to determine if there was water inside the bubblers, was opened by one of the station workers in very difficult conditions. And most importantly, emphasize that nuclear sources, as any previous sources, are not only the bearer of energy but also the bearer of new technology. For example, different groups in June provided different estimates of the radioactivity that had escaped reactor number 4. He was working on a helium-cooled high-temperature reactor, and we considered this reactor as having the best technological capabilities for our national economy. Perhaps I was too generous with the details, but I did explain why this accident had occurred. I see this as an obvious fact. As before, Eugeny Pavlovich Velikhov was fully responsible for the largest part of the institutes work: plasma physics and controlled thermonuclear fusion. We dropped another 80 tonnes of lead; that was the last large drop. These blocks were in very different states of readiness. Therefore the speed of construction of the city of Slavutych, as the main city of power engineers, was greatly increased. About the station itself, the history of, construction, its exploitation, I'll talk a little later, so as not to interrupt the. [7], On 5 May, Legasov was summoned to meet with the Politburo in Moscow, including Mikhail Gorbachev, to report on progress. And a station without containment would have contaminated everything. Legasov: No, as far as I know, Petrosyants was not specifically involved in these matters. And here the fateful mistake was made, from which, specifically, Chernobyl began. "[5] That afternoon, he briefly visited his daughter. This construction was a separate saga in itself. But I should tell you that the Minsk station, in particular, wouldnt pose any danger. The question is what was needed from Moscow. We arrived at Kiev. They themselves? Physicists make up the majority. He was a man of courage, understanding everything, but at the same time defenseless. Already the name of Gorbachev is being tarnished all over the world because of this accident. Legasov: The director of ChNPP was in shock, from beginning to end. They were required to test the materials and create a report, and only after that they could be given to the Army to use on a large scale. Or manually, using the special AZ-5 button to reset the emergency rods. Around noon, a break was announced and I went up to the second floor, to the office of the Science Secretary Nikolay Sergeevich Babay to discuss the report. After Ryzhkov and Ligachev arrived at the disaster zone, journalists were allowed in. Part of fuel can get into the barboteurs, be it lower or upper one and we did not know at that time whether there was water or not. Two weeks later, on August 25, Valery Legasov, wearing a gray suit and striped tie, his face puffy and haggard behind thick glasses, took the floor on the opening day of the special . It seemed to me that this was not a scientific approach to solve the safety-related problems of nuclear energy. Science organisations began to weaken, not strengthen. The total amount of words for the first tape is around 8000 words, but I might eliminate some of the text. People from Kiev took the correct measures at this time. Just in case it is useful when you write. Then something else happens. We went in and bought ourselves some very nice shirts. Valery Legassov transcriptions from his tapes Valery Legassov transcriptions from his tapes Open navigation menu Close suggestionsSearchSearch enChange Language He didnt get proper support in our ministry; every document, every step was painfully difficult. But fortunately, nature itself acts in a way that silt holds the individual particles of radionuclides quite firmly. In January 1986, Legasov co-authored a propaganda piece in Soviet Life magazine claiming there had been no nuclear accidents that had seriously threatened personnel or risked contamination, which ignored multiple serious nuclear incidents in the Soviet Union. Starting from the entrance to the station, its external signage, personnel training. It is commonly known that nuclear power stations are very cleanly and exactingly run, with machinery and pipes that dont exhaust anything visible into the atmosphere. The Operative group had to take many decisions about accepting or rejecting help from abroad, that was proposed at some time. And I have seen more than one accident. Broadly, the international tasks section should be split into two parts. All this was justified at the dawn of the nuclear industry. [5] On the second or third day, Legasov suggested organizing an information group to collect and disseminate accurate information to the press, but this did not occur, and he later observed that the press often interviewed the most famous person present rather than the most knowledgeable, introducing many inaccuracies and omissions in reporting. It is necessary to explain the following facts in this order. Then, have a section by Vladimir Fyodorovich Dyomin wherein simply describe the following clearly. Somehow, irrespective of rank, irrespective of the task at hand, everyone worked like a finely-tuned team, especially in the initial days. The commands were issued; however, the checks on how precisely they had been fulfilled were at times delayed. Work, so to say, is progressing on the station, then abruptly stops because one or the other equipment is not there. But then, more accurate surveys; more accurate evaluation of the radiation conditions in the water, of the migration of radionuclides in the water, together with tests on the Italian machinery itself and an assessment of its performance, showed that this solution was not justified. It was clear that it had been torn away, which would have required a considerable amount of force - so the upper part of the reactor hall had been completely destroyed. It was about a deal where we would increase the supply of natural gas to France while they would provide us with nuclear technologies: robots for repair works, loading and unloading operations, some diagnostic systems, a range of devices to make the technology of the construction and operation of a reactor more modern. Radioactive emissions were still going on but, of course, getting lesser and lesser until about the 20th of May. Dust transfer because of a dry summer was also enlarging the contaminated areas. This sums up our containment efforts. Because of this, the share of alternative sources in the foreseeable period of 45-50 years will be 5-7 per cent. Second, at the high temperatures that we had measured at some points, the process would get reversed. But nobody thought of nuclear energy as a large-scale phenomenon. But fortunately, during the entire period of work, and to this day, all the diagnostic wells have shown that the groundwater has always been clean, and the service wells have never been used. And the first time with him. Exactly there is where this question had to be experimentally verified. In some areas, it reduced faster than predicted by the laws of radioactive decay. How would we feel then? And local authorities were a part of the Government Commission. The pipe system of roof support would protect the sarcophagus against the possibility of radioactive dust being carried out. Hydrogen energy became an area of my close attention. So General Berdov, who had arrived from Kiev, ordered that all policemen will go to every flat and inform that no one should go outdoors until the next day and should stay at home. And subsequently the construction itself was assigned to the Ministry of Medium Machine Building. It was necessary to assess the condition of all the rooms and areas on the entire Chernobyl station, its surrounding areas and roads. They rushed to their cars to evacuate themselves and, in the process, 17 people died in cars. Around the 9-10th of May, M.S.Gorbachev in a telephone call asked me personally to give him some sort of chronology of the events, a description of what was happening, because he was preparing to speak on the Central Television to the entire Soviet Union. A few kilometres before Pripyat There are 18 kilometres between Chernobyl and Pripyat. Legasov: which exist. This is what I did on the flight. This is why the first job of the first team that went in was to start the reactor shutdown procedure of the 1st and 2nd blocks. As a matter of course, due to my nature and because of old habits, I called for a car and went to the activists' meeting. And our Kola Peninsula, a natural wonder, would have been destroyed. They left me. Do you understand? But nevertheless, they were minimized thanks to the actions of the military centre, that worked in collaboration with scientific organisations of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Nuclear Energy and Kiev research organisations. Do you see? That is why he put me in charge of management affairs, of resource management. This had to be changed on the go. This was the so-called road to development. This resulted in a considerable reduction of radioactivity spreading from reactor number 4 to a wider area. One they just lost and. Next comes the philosophy. Legasov: That is why this option was discarded. Starting on the second day we started receiving suggestions from abroad about various chemical mixtures that could be used on the burning graphite. After this, the ice melted. It is told mainly through the stories of two real-life people Valery Legasov a chemist tasked to lead a. I invited two or three experienced journalists to it. First, for higher fuel consumption; for higher capital costs; and for a non-industrial basis of its construction. This is my point of view but I dont know how this will turn out. And if the operator is killed, falls ill or dies, then all these 211 rods will remain in place. After this, all the specialists would begin work on their assigned tasks; and in the late eveningat least when Scherbina was the chairman, around 10 in the eveninga summary was reported. And so Meshkov Alexander Grigorievich came up to me and said that a Government Commission had been appointed and that I was included in it. 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